We tend to think of bone fractures as always being caused by some sort of trauma. Although that is usually the case, many fractures arise without any obvious source of trauma at all. Other causative factors may include for example a repetitive injury syndrome caused by running and leading to one or more stress fractures of the foot. Certain bone diseases such as bone cancer, bone infection, and aseptic necrosis of the bone can also lead to bone pain and eventual fracture.

Fractures and Back Pain
Such developing lesions (bone cancer, bone infection, and aseptic necrosis) can, if situated on or near the spine, also cause back pain that may initially seem to be a candidate for (and may even initially respond favorably to) more conservative forms of care such as chiropractic care and physical therapy. When dealing with such conditions however, it is always wise to maintain an awareness of the possible involvement of pathological processes, particularly if the condition does not respond readily to care.
Back pain can also develop secondarily to the altered gait that results from fractures to any of the bones of the lower extremity. Such fractures do not only alter the individual’s gait as they are healing from a fracture; they can also continue to alter the gait even after the fracture is healed, particularly if the fracture results in shortening of one limb. In such situations, prescription of an appropriately sized heel lift may well normalize a previously altered gait.
It should also be born in mind that the same force from a fall that resulted in a fracture, could very well have also resulted in misalignment to a joint not only in that extremity, but also elsewhere in the body. Such misalignments may not make their presence known initially, because of the overshadowing much more severe pain due to the fracture. As the pain of the fracture subsides, often other pains come to the forefront where they must be properly evaluated by a physician, such as a chiropractor that specializes is care of structural problems.
Osteoporosis can not only result in fractures to the long bones of the arms and legs, but can also lead to spontaneous compression fractures of the vertebral bodies (often of a relatively minor nature and sometimes difficult to visualize on x-ray films). It can also be difficult to differentiate between old and new vertebral body compression fractures and even between compression fractures and compression deformities, which develop gradually over a number of years due to recurrent, repetitive postural stress. Additional testing, such as with CT scans and/or bone scans, can be very helpful to the radiologist for making the appropriate differential diagnosis.
Hip fractures are fairly common in the elderly as a result of osteoporosis and deteriorating balance. We usually think in terms of an individual “falling and breaking their hip”, whereas considerable evidence supports an alternative scenario whereby the individual “breaks their hip and falls”. In other words, osteoporosis can be so severe as to lead to spontaneous fractures with no more stress than gravitational weight bearing.
I had a patient many years ago who developed a spontaneous hip fracture while hospitalized for an appendectomy. He had been medicated for years with prednisone, a very potent corticosteroid, which has a side-effect of causing osteoporosis. He was prescribed this medication as treatment for symptoms of severe gastrointestinal discomfort that had been diagnosed as Crone’s disease. As it turned out, he never had Crone’s disease. All symptoms of Crone’s disease disappeared with the removal of his appendix. The misdiagnosis of his chronic appendicitis resulted in prescription of Prednisone, which he didn’t need and which caused the osteoporosis that led to his spontaneous hip fracture. He had been discharged from the hospital without having received any x-rays of the hip and instructed to seek physical therapy for his hip pain. Every condition should be evaluated thoroughly by every physician.
As patients get older they and their doctors should pay particular attention to treating the nutritional factors relating to osteoporosis as well as physical activity and exercise, which not only helps to prevent osteoporosis but also balance problems. Various clinics now specialize in treating balance disorders. Home exercises can also help the patient effectively treat their balance disorders. These same techniques if employed early enough also help to prevent such balance disorders from developing in the first place.
Addressing the causes of osteoporosis not only helps to prevent fractures of the long bones and back pain due to compression fractures of the vertebral bodies, it also effectively addresses many of the causative factors to many other diseases of aging such as diabetes, arthritis, auto-immune disease and hormonal imbalances.
All of these conditions are related to inflammation and inflammation plays a very strong causative role in the development of most if not all of the diseases of aging. So when one addresses inflammation in order to decrease the risk of osteoporosis, one is also decreasing the risk of other diseases of aging.
Factors that contribute to inflammatory processes in the body include consuming the Standard American Diet (S.A.D.), a diet with high amounts of processed foods, particularly refined and concentrated simple carbohydrates such as white sugar, white flour, white rice, white pasta, white bread, fruit juice, soda pop, white potatoes, etc.
All of these foods cause a spike in blood sugar, which results in a spike in insulin, which is an inflammatory hormone. High insulin levels then lead to insulin resistance and also to deposition of increased body fat, which in turn creates increased levels of estrogen (in both men and women); and estrogen is also an inflammatory hormone. When not metabolized properly, excess estrogen levels contribute to the risk of prostate cancer in men and uterine, breast and other cancers in women. There are many other mechanisms involved, however this brief discussion will hopefully serve as an incentive to learn more about the connection between inflammation and the diseases of aging, so these conditions can be prevented.
The Standard American Diet also has an abundance of omega-6 fatty acids (oils primarily from grain products) in conjunction with a deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids (oils primarily from cold water wild fish). In the ancient Paleolithic diet we evolved with, the ratio of these two types of oil was approximately 1:1. In the S.A.D. diet so prevalent today, the ratio of Omega-3 to Omega-6 oils is approximately 1:25 to 1:50! This is tremendously important because an excess of Omega-6 oils results in increased inflammation throughout the body, which contributes to the development of the diseases of aging and also enhances the severity of pain syndromes throughout the body including neck pain and back pain.
Excessive Omega-6 oils and other unhealthy oils are not that obvious in our diet. Unhealthy oils are prevalent in fried foods and processed foods (in the form of saturated fats, hydrogenated fats, trans fats, shortening, palm oil, lard, etc.). Grain products, which dominate our agribusiness-dominated food economy contain excessive amounts of Omega-6 oils. It’s not just in the grain products we eat; it’s also in the beef, pork, chicken and farm-raised fish products that are fed primarily grain.
The solution is to eat a “Mediterranean Diet”. Such a diet is high in fresh organic vegetables, fresh fruit, and lean, naturally raised meat such as grass fed beef or buffalo, free range chicken and eggs, and wild (not farm-raised) fish. Lesser amounts of whole grain, multi grain foods as well as raw nuts, natural hormone-free milk, cheese and dairy products are also included as well as an abundant amount of olive oil.
Such a diet will lead to minimizing many of the primary risk factors for cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and auto-immune disease and well as many other diseases of aging. It will also lead to less back pain, neck pain, headaches, and joint pain. Such pain and such conditions do not have to be a way of life. They are in the way of life and can be easily prevented or greatly minimized by incorporating these diet and lifestyle changes into your life right now.